生物化學與分子生物學/膜受體的分類

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生物化學與分子生物學

隨著越來越多的膜表面受體被純化，其結構及轉導信號的方式逐步得以闡明。目前，按照受體的結構及其作用方式可將其分為三大類。這三大類受體在配體種類、受體的一般結構和功能及細胞對之發生反應的方式上有所不同，見表21－2。

Table 21－2　Classification of MembraneReceptors:Characteristics of Three Groups of Receptors

Characteristics	Ion Channel Receptors	G-Protein-Linked receptors	Recetpors with a Single Transmembrane Domain
Endogenous ligands	Neurotransmitter	Neurotransmitter	Growth factor hormone
		Hormone	Cytokine
		Auloacoid
		Chemotactic factor
		Exogenous stimulant
Structure	Oligomer with a pore	Probably monomer	Monomer of oligoner
			with (±）catalytic
			domain
Number of transmem	Four per subunit	Seven	One per subunit
bane segments
Function	Ion channel	Activation of G proteins	Tyrosine kinase
			Giuanylate cyclase(?)
Cellular responses	Depolarization or	Depolarization or	Regulation of function
	hyperpolarization	hyperpolarization	and expression of
		Regulation of function	proteins
		and expression of	Proliferation or
		proteins	differentiation